Planktos plans to fertilize the oceans with iron to stimulate growth of phytoplankton, microscopic marine plants that soak up carbon dioxide. Their ship plans to dissolve tons of iron over a 10,000-square-km patch.
https://www.youtube.com/v/Qe1fOxQSUKs
For more details, see:
Planktos.com
The Independent
NY Times
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There are some concerns that the plankton will release greenhouse gases as it decomposes and sinks to the ocean bed and decays. Carbon dioxide could be released as well as methane and nitrous oxide, which are far more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Paul Falkowski, biophysics professor at Rutgers University, has done some modeling on this.
See: MarSci
Chisholm, S.W., Falkowski, P.G., and Cullen, J.J. Dis-Crediting Ocean Fertilization. Science 294 (5541), 309-310 (2003)
There's further work now on intentional iron fertilization, this time to try to replicate great salmon runs after an Aleutian volcano spread dust over the NE Pacific in 2008, stimulating an algae bloom thought responsible for the 40-fold increase in returning salmon.
For more, see: http://www.hsrc1.com/
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